UNCTAD inoongorora zvinhu zvakaomarara zviri kukonzeresa kushomeka kusati kwamboitika kwemidziyo inokanganisa kudzoreredza kwekutengeserana, uye maitiro ekudzivirira mamiriro akafanana mune ramangwana.

 

Kana iyo Ever Given megaship yakavharira traffic muSuez Canal kweinenge svondo munaKurume, zvakakonzera kuwedzera kutsva kwemitengo yekutakura zvinhu, iyo yakange yatanga kugadzikana kubva pakakwirira-nguva yakasvika panguva yeCOVID-19 denda.

Mitengo yekutumira chikamu chikuru chemitengo yekutengeserana, saka kukwira kutsva kunounza imwe dambudziko kuhupfumi hwenyika sezvo ichinetseka kupora kubva mudambudziko rakaipisisa repasirese kubva paKuderera Kukuru.

"Chiitiko cheEver Given chakayeuchidza pasi rose kuti tinovimba zvakadii nekutakura zvinhu," akadaro Jan Hoffmann, mukuru webazi reUNCTAD rekutengesa nekutakura zvinhu."Inenge 80% yezvinhu zvatinodya zvinotakurwa nengarava, asi isu tinokanganwa izvi nyore."

Mari yemidziyo ine chekuita nekutengeserana kwepasirese, sezvo zvinenge zvinhu zvese zvinogadzirwa - zvinosanganisira zvipfeko, mishonga uye zvigadzirwa zvechikafu zvakagadziriswa - zvinotumirwa mumidziyo.

"Kuputika kucharova vatengi vazhinji," VaHoffmann vakadaro."Mabhizinesi mazhinji haakwanise kutakura mutoro wemitengo yakakwira uye anozopa kune vatengi vavo."

Muchidimbu mutemo mutsva weUNCTAD unoongorora kuti nei mitengo yekutakura yakakwira panguva yedenda uye chii chinofanira kuitwa kudzivirira mamiriro akafanana mune ramangwana.

 

Madimburiko: FEU, 40-tsoka yakaenzana unit;TEU, 20-tsoka yakaenzana unit.

Source: UNCTAD kuverenga, kubva pane data kubva kuClarksons Research, Shipping Intelligence Network Time Series.

 

Kushomeka kusati kwamboitika

Kusiyana nezvaitarisirwa, kudiwa kwekutakura midziyo kwakura panguva yedenda, kudzokedzana nekukurumidza kubva pakudzikira kwekutanga.

"Shanduko mumashandisirwo nematengesi akakonzereswa nedenda, kusanganisira kuwanda kwekutengeserana kwemagetsi, pamwe nekuvhara matanho, zvave kukonzera kuwedzera kudiwa kwezvinhu zvinogadzirwa nevatengi, chikamu chikuru chinotakurwa mumabhokisi ekutumira," muchidimbu mutemo weUNCTAD unoti.

Kutengeserana kwemaritime kwakawedzera kuwedzera sezvo dzimwe hurumende dzakarerutsa kuvharika uye kubvumidza nyika kukurudzira mapakeji, uye mabhizinesi akaungana achitarisira mafungu matsva edenda.

"Kuwedzera kwekuda kwaive kwakasimba kupfuura zvaitarisirwa uye kusasangana nehuwandu hwekutakura," mutemo weUNCTAD unodaro, uchiwedzera kuti kushomeka kwemidziyo isina chinhu "hakuna kumboitika."

"Vatakuri, zviteshi uye vatakuri vese vakashamiswa," inodaro."Mabhokisi asina chinhu akasiiwa munzvimbo dzaaisadikanwa, uye kuiswazve kwakanga kusati kwarongwa."

Izvo zvinokonzeresa zvakaoma uye zvinosanganisira kushandura maitiro ekutengeserana uye kusaenzana, kutonga kwehunyanzvi nevatakuri pakutanga kwedambudziko uye kunonoka kwakabatana neCCIDID-19 munzvimbo dzekubatanidza dzekufambisa, senge zviteshi.

Mitengo kumatunhu ari kusimukira inokwira mudenga

Kukanganisa kwemitengo yekutakura kwave kwakanyanya munzira dzekutengesa kumatunhu ari kusimukira, uko vatengi nemabhizinesi vasingakwanise kuzvitenga.

Parizvino, mitengo kuSouth America nekumadokero kweAfrica yakakwira kupfuura kune chero imwe nzvimbo huru yekutengeserana.Pakazosvika gore ra2021, semuenzaniso, mitengo yekutakura zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuSouth America yakanga yasvetuka 443% zvichienzaniswa ne63% munzira iri pakati peAsia neNorth America yekumabvazuva kwemahombekombe.

Chikamu chetsananguro chiri pakuti nzira dzinobva kuChina kuenda kunyika dziri muSouth America neAfrica dzinowanzoreba.Zvikepe zvakawanda zvinodikanwa kushumiro yevhiki nevhiki munzira idzi, zvichireva kuti midziyo yakawanda "yakanamatira" munzira idzi.

"Kana midziyo isina chinhu ichishomeka, mutengesi muBrazil kana kuNigeria haafanire kubhadhara chete kutakura kwechigaba chakazara kunze kwenyika asiwo nemutengo wekutakura wemudziyo usina chinhu," muchidimbu mutemo unodaro.

Chimwe chinhu kushaikwa kwemutoro wekudzoka.Nyika dzeSouth America nedzekumadokero kweAfrica dzinounza zvinhu zvakagadzirwa kupfuura zvavanotengesa kunze kwenyika, uye zvinodhura kuti vatakuri vadzose mabhokisi asina chinhu kuChina munzira refu.

Nzira yekudzivisa kuperevedza mune ramangwana

Kubatsira kuderedza mukana wemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana mune ramangwana, muchidimbu mutemo weUNCTAD unoratidza nyaya nhatu dzinoda kutariswa: kufambisira mberi shanduko dzekufambiswa kwekutengeserana, kuvandudza kutevedza kwekutengeserana kwemakungwa uye kufanotaura, uye kusimbisa zviremera zvemakwikwi enyika.

Chekutanga, vanogadzira mitemo vanofanirwa kuita mabhindauko kuitira kuti kutengeserana kuve nyore uye kusadhure, mazhinji acho ari muchibvumirano cheWorld Trade Organisation's Trade Facilitation Agreement.

Nekudzikisa kusangana kwemuviri pakati pevashandi muindasitiri yekutumira, shanduko dzakadai, dzinovimba nekuvandudza nzira dzekutengeserana, dzinoitawo kuti cheni dzekugovera dzive dzakasimba uye kudzivirira vashandi zviri nani.

Nguva pfupi yapfuura COVID-19 yarova, UNCTAD yakapa A gumi-mapoinzi chirongwa chekuita kuti ngarava dzirambe dzichifamba, madoko akavhurika uye kutengeserana kuyerera panguva yedenda.

Sangano iri rabatanawo nemakomisheni edunhu reUN kubatsira nyika dzichiri kusimukira kuti dzikurumidze kugadzirisa shanduko dzakadai uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ekutengeserana nekutakura anoburitswa pachena nedenda iri.

Chechipiri, vagadziri vemitemo vanofanirwa kusimudzira kujeka uye kukurudzira kubatana pamwe neiyo maritime supply chain kuvandudza matarisirwo emafoni echiteshi uye marongero emagetsi.

Uye hurumende dzinofanirwa kuona kuti vatungamiriri vemakwikwi vane zviwanikwa uye hunyanzvi hunodiwa kuti vaferefete maitiro anogona kukanganisa muindasitiri yekutumira.

Kunyangwe hunhu hwekuvhiringidza denda iri padanho rekushomeka kwemidziyo, mamwe mazano nevatakuri anogona kunge akanonoka kumisikidzwa kwemidziyo pakutanga kwedambudziko.

Kupa tarisiro inodiwa zvakanyanya kunetsa kune zviremera munyika dzichiri kusimukira, avo vanowanzo shaya zviwanikwa uye hunyanzvi mukutakura midziyo yepasirese.